Designs for EVM gas accounting in EIP-7999

An Ethereum Research post compares four design paradigms for EVM gas accounting under EIP-7999's multidimensional fee market framework: Aggregate EVM gas, a multidimensional subfee market, Universal overflow, and a multidimensional fee market with an updated EVM. Each paradigm trades off funding efficiency, legacy GAS/CALL(g) compatibility, opcode-cost stability, deployment ease, and extensibility differently, with Aggregate EVM gas requiring conservative funding at the highest base fee and the updated EVM offering the cleanest long-run model at substantial migration cost. The post also covers the EIP-8037 state-gas reservoir, its interaction with EIP-7825's execution gas cap, and open questions about which legacy gas properties matter most to preserve.